P021, GLXC-21260
Evidence Grade C — Moderate human evidence. 40503 published studies, 24856 human. 9 registered clinical trials.
P21 is a synthetic peptide designed to mimic the effects of a brain growth factor (CNTF), with a modified amino acid to improve oral stability. It has been studied in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease by a single research group. No human clinical trials have been conducted. It is important to note that results in Alzheimer's mouse models have historically translated to human benefit extremely poorly.
40,503 published studies: 24856 human, 8495 animal, 9908 in-vitro, 1573 reviews
P21 has no marketing authorisation. No human clinical trials have been conducted. The evidence base consists entirely of studies in transgenic Alzheimer's disease mouse models, conducted primarily by a single research group.
Animal studies reported behavioural and biochemical changes in AD mouse models following chronic oral administration. The translation of results from transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease to human disease has historically been extremely poor — the vast majority of compounds showing efficacy in such models have failed in human trials. Products available through unregulated channels lack pharmaceutical quality assurance.
Research in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease suggests P21 may interact with neurotrophic factor signalling pathways, potentially influencing neurogenesis and BDNF expression. These observations are from animal studies using genetically modified disease models, and their relevance to human neurodegenerative disease has not been established.
Research in transgenic Alzheimer's mouse models suggests P21 may influence neuronal growth and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression, with consistent findings across multiple disease models and treatment durations up to 18 months. However, nearly all data comes from one research group, and an independent replication attempt in a different disease model (CDKL5) failed. No human data of any kind exist — no pharmacokinetics, no safety assessments, no efficacy data. The track record of Alzheimer's mouse model findings translating to human benefit is exceptionally poor across the pharmaceutical industry. Products from unregulated channels lack pharmaceutical quality assurance.
KPT-9274 in Patients With Relapsed and Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Tipifarnib for the Treatment of Advanced Solid Tumors, Lymphoma, or Histiocytic Disorders With HRAS Gene Alterations, a Pediatric MATCH Treatment Trial
Senescence and the Early Ageing Phenotype After Chemotherapy for Testicular Cancer: the SEA-CAT Study
Targeted Therapy Directed by Genetic Testing in Treating Pediatric Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Advanced Solid Tumors, Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas, or Histiocytic Disorders (The Pediatric MATCH Screening Trial)
Molecular Pathways Related to Short-term Fasting Response
The information on this page is provided for educational and research reference purposes only. This is not medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any health-related decisions.
Pinealon has no marketing authorisation from any major regulatory agency. No controlled human clinical trials have been conducted. The evidence base consists of in vitro cell studies and animal experiments published primarily by the originating research group. As with other Khavinson bioregulator peptides, the proposed mechanisms and the underlying theoretical framework have not been evaluated through conventional Western regulatory processes. Products available through unregulated channels lack pharmaceutical quality assurance.
Selank is approved in Russia for anxiety-related conditions. It has not been approved by the FDA, EMA, or other major Western regulatory agencies. The key clinical study (62 patients) compared Selank to a benzodiazepine in generalised anxiety disorder and reported comparable effects. Published clinical studies are predominantly Russian and have not undergone Western regulatory review. The evidence base does not meet FDA or EMA approval standards. Its regulatory status is limited to Russia and certain former Soviet states.
Semax is approved in Russia for stroke recovery and cognitive conditions. It has not been approved by the FDA, EMA, or other major Western regulatory agencies, and the clinical evidence base has not undergone Western regulatory review. Published clinical studies are predominantly Russian. The largest published study (110 stroke patients) reported correlations between treatment and BDNF levels. The evidence does not meet the standards typically required for FDA or EMA approval. Its regulatory status is limited to Russia and certain former Soviet states.
